Vocal production learning is a widespread and remarkable phenomenon. However, the underlying mechanisms of allospecific vocal
imitation are poorly understood. Parrots and corvids are well known for their imitation abilities, but imitation accuracy
has not yet been studied across species in a comparative context. We compared imitation accuracy between nine parrot species
and European starlings based on imitation of monophonic and multiphonic sounds, produced by the Star Wars droid R2-D2. Our
results show that starlings were better at imitating multiphonic sounds than parrots. However, no difference in imitation
accuracy was found between parrots and starlings when imitating monophonic sounds. The differences in imitating accuracy are
likely based on a physiological difference in syrinx anatomy, rather than on perceptual or cognitive differences between starlings
and parrots. Between our nine tested parrot species, we found that parrots with larger brains (e.g., African greys and amazon
parrots) were less accurate at imitating monophonic sounds than smaller brained budgerigars and cockatiels. The use of citizen
science in our study shows the great potential this has to expand data collection beyond traditional studies. These findings
contribute to a deeper understanding of the evolution of communication complexity in vocal learners.